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Appendix D:
Mother tongue and home language: classifications from 2011, 2006 and 2001
Changes have been made in the language classification used in our products. In this appendix, the 2011, 2006, and 2001 classifications are compared.
Please note that in the second part of the question on home language, the respondent had the option of marking the 'No' circle to indicate that there was no other language spoken on a regular basis.
The individual categories used in 2011 do not always match those used in 2006 and 2001. In most cases, however, the corresponding number can be obtained by adding all members of the language family.
| 2011 Classification | 2006 Classification | 2001 Classification |
|---|---|---|
| English | English | English |
| French | French | French |
| Non-official languages | Non-official languages | Non-official languages |
| Aboriginal languages | Aboriginal languages | Aboriginal languages |
| Algonquian languages | Algonquian languages | Algonquian languages |
| Algonquin | Algonquin | Algonquin |
| Atikamekw | AtikamekwFootnote 1 | Attikamekw |
| Blackfoot | Blackfoot | Blackfoot |
| Cree languages | CreeFootnote 2 | CreeFootnote 2 |
| Cree, n.o.s. | Not available | Not available |
| Swampy Cree | Not available | Not available |
| Plains Cree | Not available | Not available |
| Woods Cree | Not available | Not available |
| Cree, n.i.e. | Not available | Not available |
| Malecite | Malecite | Malecite |
| Mi'kmaq | Mi'kmaqFootnote 1 | Micmac |
| Innu/Montagnais | Montagnais-NaskapiFootnote 3 | Montagnais-NaskapiFootnote 3 |
| Naskapi | Not available | Not available |
| Ojibway | Ojibway | Ojibway |
| Oji-Cree | Oji-Cree | Oji-Cree |
| Algonquian languages, n.i.e. | Algonquian languages, n.i.e.Footnote 4 | Algonquian languages, n.i.e.Footnote 4 |
| Michif | Not available | Not available |
| Athapaskan languages | Athapaskan languages | Athapaskan languages |
| Carrier | CarrierFootnote 5 | CarrierFootnote 5 |
| Wetsuweten | Not available | Not available |
| Chilcotin | Chilcotin | Chilcotin |
| Not available | Chipewyan | Chipewyan |
| DeneFootnote 6 | Dene | Dene |
| Tlicho (Dogrib)Footnote 7 | Dogrib | Dogrib |
| Gwich'inFootnote 7 | Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux) | Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux) |
| North Slavey (Hare)Footnote 8 | North Slave (Hare) | North Slave (Hare) |
| South SlaveyFootnote 8 | South Slave | South Slave |
| Slavey, n.o.s.Footnote 8 | Not available | Not available |
| Sarcee | Not available | Not available |
| Beaver | Not available | Not available |
| Sekani | Not available | Not available |
| Kaska (Nahani) | Not available | Not available |
| Tahltan | Not available | Not available |
| Northern Tutchone | Not available | Not available |
| Southern Tutchone | Not available | Not available |
| Tutchone, n.o.s. | Not available | Not available |
| Athapaskan languages, n.i.e. | Athapaskan languages, n.i.e.Footnote 9 | Athapaskan languages, n.i.e.Footnote 9 |
| Haida | Haida | Haida |
| Iroquoian languages | Iroquoian languages | Iroquoian languages |
| Mohawk | Mohawk | Mohawk |
| Cayuga | Not available | Not available |
| Oneida | Not available | Not available |
| Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. | Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.Footnote 10 | Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.Footnote 10 |
| Kutenai | Kutenai | Kutenai |
| Salish languages | Salish languages | Salish languages |
| Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)Footnote 7 | Shuswap | Shuswap |
| Thompson (Ntlakapamux) | Thompson (Ntlakapamux) | Thompson (Ntlakapamux) |
| Halkomelem | Not available | Not available |
| Lillooet | Not available | Not available |
| Okanagan | Not available | Not available |
| Squamish | Not available | Not available |
| Straits | Not available | Not available |
| Salish languages, n.i.e. | Salish languages, n.i.e.Footnote 11 | Salish languages, n.i.e.Footnote 11 |
| Siouan languagesFootnote 7 | Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) | Siouan languages Dakota/Sioux |
| Dakota | Not available | Not available |
| Stoney | Not available | Not available |
| Siouan languages, n.i.e. | Not available | Not available |
| Tlingit | Tlingit | Tlingit |
| Tsimshian languages | Tsimshian languages | Tsimshian languages |
| Gitksan | Gitksan | Gitksan |
| Nisga'a | Nisga'aFootnote 1 | Nishga |
| Tsimshian | Tsimshian | Tsimshian |
| Wakashan languages | Wakashan languages | Wakashan languages |
| Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)Footnote 7 | Nootka | Nootka |
| Haisla | Not available | Not available |
| Heiltsuk | Not available | Not available |
| Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) | Not available | Not available |
| Wakashan languages, n.i.e. | Wakashan languages, n.i.e.Footnote 12 | Wakashan languages, n.i.e.Footnote 12 |
| Inuit languagesFootnote 7 | InuktitutFootnote 13 | Inuktitut (Eskimo) |
| Inuktitut | Not available | Not available |
| Inuinnaqtun | Inuinnaqtun | Not available |
| Inuvialuktun | Not available | Not available |
| Inuit languages, n.i.e. | Not available | Not available |
| Not available | Inuktitut, n.i.e.Footnote 14 | Not available |
| Aboriginal languages, n.i.e. | Aboriginal languages, n.i.e. | Aboriginal languages, n.i.e. |
| Romance languages | Romance languages | Romance languages |
| Italian | Italian | Italian |
| Portuguese | Portuguese | Portuguese |
| Romanian | Romanian | Romanian |
| Spanish | Spanish | Spanish |
| Catalan | Not available | Not available |
| Romance languages, n.i.e. | Romance languages, n.i.e.Footnote 15 | Romance languages, n.i.e.Footnote 15 |
| Germanic languages | Germanic languages | Germanic languages |
| Not available | Not available | Netherlandic languages |
| Dutch | Dutch | Dutch |
| Flemish | Flemish | Flemish |
| Frisian | Frisian | Frisian |
| German | German | German |
| Yiddish | Yiddish | Yiddish |
| Scandinavian languages | Scandinavian languages | Scandinavian languages |
| Danish | Danish | Danish |
| Icelandic | Icelandic | Icelandic |
| Norwegian | Norwegian | Norwegian |
| Swedish | Swedish | Swedish |
| Afrikaans | Not available | Not available |
| Germanic languages, n.i.e. | Germanic languages, n.i.e.Footnote 16 | Germanic languages, n.i.e.Footnote 16 |
| Celtic languages | Celtic languages | Celtic languages |
| Gaelic languages | Gaelic languages | Gaelic languages |
| Welsh | Welsh | Welsh |
| Celtic languages, n.i.e. | Celtic languages, n.i.e. | Celtic languages, n.i.e. |
| Slavic languages | Slavic languages | Slavic languages |
| Belarusian (Byelorussian)Footnote 7 | Belarusan (Byelorussian)Footnote 13 | Byelorussian |
| Bosnian | Bosnian | Not available |
| Bulgarian | Bulgarian | Bulgarian |
| Croatian | Croatian | Croatian |
| Czech | Czech | Czech |
| Macedonian | Macedonian | Macedonian |
| Polish | Polish | Polish |
| Russian | Russian | Russian |
| Serbian | Serbian | Serbian |
| Serbo-Croatian | Serbo-Croatian | Serbo-Croatian |
| Slovak | Slovak | Slovak |
| Slovenian | Slovenian | Slovenian |
| Ukrainian | Ukrainian | Ukrainian |
| Slavic languages, n.i.e. | Slavic languages, n.i.e. | Slavic languages, n.i.e. |
| Baltic languages | Baltic languages | Baltic languages |
| Latvian | LatvianFootnote 1 | Latvian (Lettish) |
| Lithuanian | Lithuanian | Lithuanian |
| Finno-Ugric languages | Finno-Ugric languages | Finno-Ugric languages |
| Estonian | Estonian | Estonian |
| Finnish | Finnish | Finnish |
| Hungarian | Hungarian | Hungarian |
| Greek | Greek | Greek |
| Armenian | Armenian | Armenian |
| AlbanianFootnote 17 | Not available | Not available |
| GeorgianFootnote 17 | Not available | Not available |
| Turkic languages | Turkic languages | Turkic languages |
| Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani | Not available |
| Turkish | Turkish | Turkish |
| Turkic languages, n.i.e. | Turkic languages, n.i.e. | Turkic languages, n.i.e. |
| MongolianFootnote 17 | Not available | Not available |
| Afro-Asiatic languages | Afro-Asiatic languages | Not available |
| Berber languages (Kabyle) | Berber languages (Kabyle) | Not available |
| Cushitic languages | Cushitic languages | Not available |
| Oromo | Oromo | Not available |
| Somali | SomaliFootnote 18 | … |
| Semitic languages | Semitic languages | Semitic languages |
| Amharic | Amharic | Amharic |
| Arabic | Arabic | Arabic |
| Hebrew | Hebrew | Hebrew |
| Maltese | Maltese | Maltese |
| … | … | Somali |
| Tigrigna | TigrignaFootnote 1 | Tigringa |
| Semitic languages, n.i.e. | Semitic languages, n.i.e. | Semitic languages, n.i.e. |
| Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. | Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. | Not available |
| Indo-Iranian languages | Indo-Iranian languages | Indo-Iranian languages |
| Indo-Aryan languages | Indo-Aryan languages | Not available |
| Bengali | Bengali | Bengali |
| Gujarati | Gujarati | Gujarati |
| Hindi | Hindi | Hindi |
| Konkani | Konkani | Konkani |
| Marathi | Marathi | Marathi |
| Panjabi (Punjabi) | Panjabi (Punjabi)Footnote 1 | Punjabi |
| Sindhi | Sindhi | Sindhi |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | Sinhala (Sinhalese)Footnote 1 | Sinhalese |
| Urdu | Urdu | Urdu |
| Nepali | Not available | Not available |
| Iranian languages | Iranian languages | Not available |
| Kurdish | Kurdish | Kurdish |
| Pashto | Pashto | Pashto |
| Persian (Farsi) | Persian (Farsi) | Persian (Farsi) |
| Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. | Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.Footnote 19 | Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.Footnote 19 |
| Dravidian languages | Dravidian languages | Dravidian languages |
| Kannada | Kannada | Kannada |
| Malayalam | Malayalam | Malayalam |
| Tamil | Tamil | Tamil |
| Telugu | Telugu | Telugu |
| Dravidian languages, n.i.e. | Dravidian languages, n.i.e. | Dravidian languages, n.i.e. |
| Japanese | Japanese | Japanese |
| Korean | Korean | Korean |
| Sino-Tibetan languages | Sino-Tibetan languages | Sino-Tibetan languages |
| Chinese languages | Chinese languagesFootnote 13 | Chinese |
| Cantonese | Cantonese | Cantonese |
| Chaochow (Teochow) | Chaochow (Teochow) | Not available |
| Fukien | Fukien | Not available |
| Hakka | Hakka | Hakka |
| Mandarin | Mandarin | Mandarin |
| Shanghainese | Shanghainese | Not available |
| Taiwanese | Taiwanese | Not available |
| Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 20 | Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 20 | Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 20 |
| Tibetan languages | Tibetan languages | Not available |
| Burmese | Not available | Not available |
| Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. | Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.Footnote 21 | Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.Footnote 21 |
| Tai languages | Tai languages | Tai languages |
| Lao | Lao | Lao |
| Thai | Thai | Thai |
| Austro-Asiatic languages | Austro-Asiatic languages | Austro-Asiatic languages |
| Khmer (Cambodian) | Khmer (Cambodian) | Khmer (Cambodian) |
| Vietnamese | Vietnamese | Vietnamese |
| Not available | Not available | Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. |
| Malayo-Polynesian languages | Malayo-Polynesian languages | Malayo-Polynesian languages |
| Bisayan languages | Bisayan languages | Not available |
| Ilocano | Ilocano | Not available |
| Malay | MalayFootnote 13 | Malay-Bahasa |
| Pampango | Pampango | Not available |
| Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) | Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)Footnote 1 | Tagalog (Pilipino) |
| Bikol | Not available | Not available |
| Malagasy | Not available | Not available |
| Fijian | Not available | Not available |
| Pangasinan | Not available | Not available |
| Malayo-Polynesian languages, n.i.e. | Malayo-Polynesian languages, n.i.e.Footnote 22 | Malayo-Polynesian languages, n.i.e.Footnote 22 |
| Not available | Not available | Asiatic languages, n.i.e. |
| Niger-Congo languages | Niger-Congo languages | Niger-Congo languages |
| Akan (Twi) | Akan (Twi)Footnote 13 | Twi |
| Bantu languages | Bantu languages | Bantu languages |
| Lingala | Lingala | Not available |
| Rundi (Kirundi) | Rundi (Kirundi) | Not available |
| Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) | Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) | Not available |
| Shona | Shona | Not available |
| Swahili | Swahili | Swahili |
| Ganda | Not available | Not available |
| Bantu languages, n.i.e. | Bantu languages, n.i.e.Footnote 23 | Bantu languages, n.i.e.Footnote 23 |
| Edo | Edo | Not available |
| Igbo | Igbo | Not available |
| Wolof | Wolof | Not available |
| Bamanankan | Not available | Not available |
| Ewe | Not available | Not available |
| Ga | Not available | Not available |
| Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. | Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.Footnote 24 | Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.Footnote 24 |
| African languages, n.i.e. | African languages, n.i.e. | African languages, n.i.e. |
| Creoles | Creoles | Creoles |
| Non-verbal languages | Non-verbal languages | Not available |
| American Sign Language | American Sign Language | Not available |
| Quebec Sign Language | Quebec Sign Language | Not available |
| Sign languages, n.i.e. | Sign languages, n.i.e. | Not available |
| Other languagesFootnote 17 | Other languagesFootnote 17 | Other languagesFootnote 17 |
n.i.e. = not included elsewhere
n.o.s. = not otherwise specified
… = Somali was reclassified and placed under Cushitic languages in 2006.
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